It is estimated that 4.2 million closed-circuit TV surveillance
cameras are operating in Great Britain, one for every 15 residents
of the country. Don't worry, though, the United States is rushing
to catch up. Baltimore, for example, already has 400 such cameras
in place, and, as filmmaker Adam Rifkin notes, "Mayors Villaraigosa
and Daley [of Chicago] and Bloomberg [of New York City] all want
to put in more cameras."
Rifkin knows a bit more about this subject than your average
Hollywood director. His new film, "Look," which opens
Dec. 14, is filmed from the point of view of surveillance cameras,
his contribution to a national dialogue on security and privacy
that hasn't been out of the headlines since Sept. 11, 2001.
"Look, we had plenty of security cameras before, but 9/11
really opened the door for this obsession," Rifkin says.
His boyish enthusiasm, buoyed by a certain goofy, self-conscious
humor makes Rifkin seem much younger than his 41 years. He rocks
back and forth in a swivel chair with a grin frequently playing
across his lips. But he speaks with seriousness and an intensity.
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"The vast majority of Americans are in favor of these cameras,"
he says. "They would argue that it keeps the world safe,
and that's very true. But who should have access to the footage
shot, what kind of safeguards are in place to protect individual
privacy? It's such a gray area. And I didn't want to make a film
that takes a stand for either side; I couldn't tell you in a fiction
film why it's good or bad. I wanted to make a film that would
have people saying, 'Let's talk about this.'"
"Look" is an intriguing variant on the now-common American
indie trope of the multistory tapestry film that interweaves numerous
characters, intermittently allowing their paths -- and plots --
to cross. Rifkin begins with a pair of sex-obsessed teenage girls
in a department store changing room, quickly introduces one of
their teachers and his very pregnant wife, a manager at the store
who beds every female employee in one of the backrooms, a nerdy
insurance guy who is tormented by bullies in his office, a couple
of deranged spree killers and a pair of slackers at a convenience
store.
What sets the film apart from the dozens of similarly variegated
indies of this ilk is that almost every shot in the film comes
from the perspective of one of those ubiquitous closed-circuit
cameras, which made for some interesting challenges for Rifkin.
"It has been estimated that the average American citizen
is now filmed or videotaped 200 times a day," he says. "That's
a lot of coverage. Heck, that's more than I've shot in all my
feature films combined." And he's directed 14 feature films
since his debut with "Never on Tuesday" in 1988.
"I thought it would be easy to shoot, but that didn't turn
out to be the case," he says. "We wanted the camera
angles to be absolutely authentic, so we brought in a security
consultant who would tell us, 'The camera would be placed here,
and it would be directed over here, and the other one would be
there at such-and-such angle,' and so on."
"Once the cameras were placed, it was both freeing and frustrating
at the same time," he continues. "I couldn't do a close-up
or a tracking shot, and that made me very nervous, because the
film is a character drama."
When he started looking at the dailies, though, Rifkin realized
that he had something very unusual "because it was so objective,"
he says. "Everything is from the camera's point of view,
not a character's. And that creates a voyeuristic mood that forces
the audience to be a participant, to say to themselves, 'I'm a
peeping Tom.' It feels a little shameful, and that is very exciting
to explore."
Of course, Alfred Hitchcock could have told Rifkin that. In a
sense, that's exactly what happened.
"I'm a huge Hitchcock fan," Rifkin says, leaning forward
eagerly. "I looked at 'Rear Window' several times. I don't
pretend to be a student of Hitchcock, but I love his ability to
create suspense, and I hope there are moments in this film that
work that way."
On one level, it's a natural aspiration. Every young filmmaker
-- and despite his disproportionate degree of experience, Rifkin
still seems like a young filmmaker in the best sense -- wants
to be the master of suspense.
But if you look at Rifkin's filmography, it seems a lot longer
on mirth than mayhem. This is, after all, the guy who made the
bizarre/geeky comedy, "The Dark Backwards," about the
world's worst stand-up comic, who grows a third arm from his back,
and the dryly humorous "A Night at the Golden Eagle."
And his next film is the caveman comedy, "Homo Erectus,"
in which he plays "a very Jewish caveman, very Woody Allen,"
as Rifkin himself puts it.
That's closer to the mark -- well, to Rifkin.
"My whole life I've been exposed to Jewish culture, and
the humor of the culture is what has always attracted me,"
he says. "My parents are Jewish, my grandparents are all
Jewish -- my grandfather ran Zayde's Deli in Chicago, that's about
as Jewish as it gets!"
His own sense of urban Jewish American identity, he readily acknowledges,
owes a lot to Allen, but if the trailer for "Homo Erectus"
is any indication, there's a strong element of "The Three
Stooges" in his comedy.
"Oh, you got that, that's great," he says with a huge
grin. "I love the Three Stooges. I love slapstick."
There is also a carefully hidden tribute to Bill Gaines, the
creator of Mad Magazine, another post-World War II touchstone
of Jewish humor that cast its spell on Rifkin early.
So with all those quirky, wacky role models, is it any wonder
that Rifkin says, "If there's a theme in my films, I guess
it's that they always center on a downtrodden sad sack character
who is basically a decent guy. I think that guy is a representative
of Jewish culture."
